Most products in this category promise more than the evidence supports.
Here is the short version, with the numbers.
Audio makes reading worse
A Bayesian meta-analysis of 65 studies found background
noise, speech and music all have a small but reliably harmful
effect on reading comprehension. Lyrics were the worst.
So: if your work involves reading, try the sound on for
the writing and thinking, and turn it down or off for the reading.
Beyrer et al., Psychological Science (2018)
Brown noise has never been tested
A 2024 systematic review screened 753 records and kept 13.
Twelve studied white noise, one studied pink, and zero studied
brown noise. It is the internet's favourite and the literature's
blank spot.
So: treat brown noise as a sound preference, not a
performance intervention. Nothing says it is worse — nothing has
tested it either.
Nigg et al., JAACAP (2024)
Noise helps some ADHD readers
In that same review, white and pink noise gave a small but real
benefit for people with ADHD or high ADHD symptoms
(g = 0.249). For everyone else the same noise
measurably impaired performance.
So: if you have ADHD, pink is the one to try. If you do
not, treat it as masking only and keep it low.
Nigg et al., JAACAP (2024)
It helps you feel focused, not perform better
On a sustained-attention test, people’s own chosen music
increased their reported focus and cut down mind-wandering — but
their reaction times did not improve at all.
So: the benefit is real, and it is in your experience
rather than your output. Worth having. Not worth overselling.
Psychological Research (2021)
Water sound beat music for stress
In a controlled stress test, rippling water produced the lowest
cortisol of any condition — lower than a piece of calming
classical music.
So: that is why Stream is here and not buried. It is the
best-evidenced calm sound on this page.
PLOS ONE (2013)
The 1/f brain-science argument does not hold
Plenty of apps say brown noise matches your brain’s 1/f rhythm.
Brain activity does scale as 1/f — that part is solid. But that
describes electrical recordings of neurons, not sound in a room.
A −6 dB/octave sound does not impose −6 dB/octave on your cortex.
So: pleasant mechanism, no supporting study. Enjoy the
sound on its own terms.